Vincent J. Curtis
1 Apr 24
August 7th to 11th,
2024, mark the Eightieth Anniversary of Operation TOTALIZE. This operation was intended to be Lt-Gen Guy
Simmonds’, the 2nd Canadian Corps’, and the 21st Army
Group’s punch and pincer arm that would force the closure of the Falaise Gap,
entrapping the German 7th Army of some 150,000 troops. Totalize was timed to co-ordinate with Gen
Omar Bradley’s Operation COBRA in the far west of France, and was intended,
secondarily, to hold the German heavy armour in front of the 21st
Army Group.
Of all the forces landed on D-Day, the
Canadians advanced the farthest. No.2 Troop, C Squadron, 1st
Hussars, commanded by Lt. William F. McCormick, found an unopposed route from
Camilly on Phase Line Elm all the way to Phase Line Oak, the Caen-Bayeux rail line. Turing east, McCormick’s troop exploited as
far as Carpiquet airfield. Seeing Caen essentially undefended, McCormick tried,
but failed, to reach higher command by radio; and, inexplicably, higher command
wasn’t wondering where No. 2 Troop was.
D-Day ended with the 3rd Canadian Division digging in on
Phase Line Elm, three miles north of Caen, with four hours of daylight remaining. The Germans occupied Caen in strength that
night.
There followed: Op WINDSOR to capture Carpiquet
village; Op CHARNWOOD to capture Carpiquet airfield and Caen north of the Orne;
Op ATLANTIC to capture Caen south of the Orne, and to create a bridgehead for
an attack on Verrières Ridge (Op SPRING).
Lt-Gen Guy Simmonds
was at his wits end with the incompetence at divisional and brigade levels; and quality even at the battalion level was uneven. Hence, Totalize was structured to minimize
command decisions. Simmonds invented the
APC, by the “defrocking” of “Priests,” i.e. Sherman tanks that had their
turrets replaced with 25 pdr guns; “artificial moonlight,” and he used heavy,
strategic bombers in a tactical role.
As I wrote for the 75th
anniversary, “Totalize was a familiar set-piece battle, but using bigger
hammers, closer timing between blows, and other techniques of ancient
renown. Tactically, Totalize was a case
of hi-diddle-diddle- straight up the middle, the middle being the Caen-Falaise
road. Heavy strategic bombers were to
carpet bomb both sides of the highway south of the start-line. Immediately upon completion of the air
mission, artillery would open up and the first wave of tanks and APCs would
drive south in a night attack, bypassing pockets of resistance along the
way. Tracers from Bofors 40 mm guns and
target marking artillery shells were guides to direction.
Great innovations from Simonds, but then
gremlins crept in to undermine the plan.
There was no radio comms with air.
Some bombs dropped on 3rd Canadian Division HQ and wounded
Maj-Gen Rod Keller. Bombing the route of
advance created a tank obstacle course which was run en mass at night by inexperienced APC drivers. Simonds ordered a halt at noon on the 8th
to bring up the artillery after the first objectives were taken. Given a respite, the Germans regrouped and a
second dose of heavy bombing failed to destroy German counterattacking panzer
groups. Totalize stalled.
Trying to restore momentum, Simonds ordered
Worthington Force to capture Hill 195.
The result was the most infamous event of Totalize. An inexcusable navigation error had
Worthington Force, a battlegroup consisting of the British Columbia Regiment
and the Algonquins, seize Hill 140, seven kilometers from the assigned
objective. Unsupported by Canadian artillery
or Typhoons, it was annihilated by a counterattack force of German Panther
tanks.”
In a near postscript to the combat, Totalize
culminated with the capture of Hill 195 on the 11th by a lone infantry regiment
that infiltrated at night into the position.
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada, under the command of
Lt-Col Dave Stewart, who, with Scout platoon ahead, and his battalion following
in single file; occupied Hill 195, eliminated what opposition there was,
established a defense, which included a couple 17 pdr anti-tank guns; and
repulsed German attacks that day.
Their line pierced, the Germans withdrew to
Falaise.
-30-